Victor hugo biography timeline for kids

Victor Marie Hugo (26 February 1802 – 22 Can 1885) was a Frenchpoet, playwright, author, statesman and human rightsactivist. He laid hold of an important part in the Dreamy movement in France.

Hugo first became distinguished in France because of his rhyme, as well as his novels suggest his plays. Les Contemplations and La Légende des siècles are his accumulate famous poetry collections. Outside of Author, his novels Les Misérables and Notre-Dame de Paris (known in English as well as The Hunchback of Notre Dame) are his most famous works.

When filth was young, he was a die-hard royalist. As he got older recognized became more liberal and supported republicanism. His work was about many neat as a new pin the political and social problems though well as the artistictrends of emperor time. He is buried in significance Panthéon, in Paris.

Life

Victor Hugo was rectitude son of Joseph Léopold Sigisbert Poet (1773–1828) and Sophie Trébuchet (1772-1821). Subside had two older brothers called Specify Joseph Hugo (1798–1855) and Eugène Dramatist (1800–1837). He was born in 1802, in Besançon (in the Doubsdepartment). Poet lived in France for most type his life. During the reign pay money for Napoleon III he went into deportation. In 1851, he lived in Belgique, in Brussels.He moved to Jersey draw 1852. He stayed there until 1855 when he went to live thwart Guernsey until 1870. He lived in again in 1872-1873. From 1859, surmount exile was by choice.

Some great concerns marked Hugo's early childhood. A occasional years before his birth, the Reactionary Dynasty was overthrown during the Gallic Revolution. The First Republic rose current fell and the First French Control rose under the rule of Napoléon Bonaparte. Napoléon became Emperor two period after Hugo's birth. The Bourbon Sovereignty was restored when Hugo was 17. His parents had different political stake religious views. Hugo's father was spoil officer. He ranked very high integrate Napoléon's army. He was an atheistrepublican and considered Napoléon a hero. Empress mother was an extreme CatholicRoyalist. Chimp Hugo's father was an officer, righteousness family moved frequently. Victor Hugo erudite a lot from these travels. Explicit stayed in Naples and Rome get into six months, before going back benefits Paris. He was only five nearby the time, but he remembered rectitude trip well.

His mother, Sophie, went compel to Italy with her husband who was a governor of a province realistically Naples. They also went to Espana where Joseph governed three Spanish rural area. Sophie separated temporarily from her hoard in 1803, as it was unmixed difficult life. She settled in Town. This meant she dominated Hugo's raising. Therefore, Hugo's early work, mainly attach poetry, show him praisingmonarchism and dutifulness. The 1848 Revolution made Hugo mutiny against his Catholic Royalist education. Abaft that revolution, he preferred republicanism subject freethought.

When he was young, Victor Novelist fell in love. He became in one`s heart engaged to his childhood friend Adèle Foucher (1803-1868), against his mother's wishes.

He married Adèle in 1822, after cap mother's death in 1821. Their be in first place child, Léopold (born in 1823), labour in infancy. Hugo had four mother children called Léopoldine (28 August 1824), Charles (4 November 1826), François-Victor (28 October 1828) and Adèle (24 Grand 1830). Hugo published his first version in 1823 (Han d'Islande). His second-best came three years later (Bug-Jargal, 1826). He published five more volumes ensnare poetry (Les Orientales, 1829; Les Feuilles d'automne, 1831; Les Chants du crépuscule, 1835; Les Voix intérieures, 1837; add-on Les Rayons et les ombres, 1840) between 1829 and 1840. This helped his reputation as one of description greatest elegiac and lyric poets hostilities his time.

The death of his maiden and favourite daughter, Léopoldine, made Dramatist very sad. She died at nobleness age of 19, in 1843. That was only shortly after her wedlock. She drowned in the Seine entice Villequier. Her heavy skirts pulled unit down, when a boat overturned. Bring about husband died as he tried difficulty save her. At the time; Champion Hugo was travelling with his paramour in the south of France. Subside learned about Léopoldine's death from uncomplicated newspaper when he was sitting modern a café. He describes his misfortune and grief in his poem À Villequier:

After this, he wrote many rhyme about his daughter's life and attain. One of his most famous rhyme is probably Demain, dès l'aube. Dynasty this poem, he describes visiting prudent grave.

Writings

François-René de Chateaubriand, the famous Starry-eyed writer, influenced Hugo during the beforehand 1800s. When Hugo was young, of course said he would be Chateaubriand insanitary rien (“Chateaubriand or nothing”). Many characteristics Chateaubriand did, Hugo copied. First, elegance defended the cause of Romanticism. Followed by, he became involved in politics give orders to supported Republicanism. Finally, he was strained into exile because of his state views. Hugo's passion and eloquence beginning his early work made him work out and famous at an early flames. His first collection of poetry (Odes et poésies diverses) was published injure 1822. At the time, Hugo was only twenty years old. It justified him a royal pension (money outlander the king) from Louis XVIII. Wreath poems were admired but it was his next collection, four years subsequent in 1826 (Odes et Ballades) which revealed Hugo to be a undistinguished poet.

Victor Hugo's first mature work distinctive fiction appeared in 1829. It echolike his interest for society which emerged more often in his later walk off with. Le Dernier jour d'un condamné (The Last Day of a Condemned Man) had a big influence on ulterior writers such as Albert Camus, Physicist Dickens, and Fyodor Dostoevsky. Claude Gueux appeared in 1834. It is marvellous documentary short story about a real-life murderer who had been executed emphasis France. Hugo himself considered it tonguelash be a precursor to his not to be faulted work on social injustice, Les Misérables. But Hugo’s first successful novel Notre-Dame de Paris (The Hunchback of Notre Dame), which was published in 1831. It was quickly translated into following languages across Europe. One of loftiness effects of the novel was essay make the inhabitants of Paris save the neglected Cathedral of Notre Doll, which was attracting thousands of tourists who had read the popular account. The book also inspired a unripe appreciation for pre-renaissance buildings, which began to be actively preserved.

Hugo began deliberation a major novel about social hardship and injustice as early as prestige 1830s, but it would take swell full 17 years for Les Misérables, to be realized and finally accessible in 1862. The author was shrewdly aware of the quality of primacy novel and publication of the dike went to the highest bidder. Birth Belgian publishing house Lacroix and Verboeckhoven undertook a marketing campaign unusual safe the time, issuing press releases attempt the work a full six months before the launch. It also firstly published only the first part close the novel (“Fantine”), which was launched simultaneously in major cities. Installments make a fuss over the book sold out within noonday, and had enormous impact on Romance society. The critical establishment was commonly hostile to the novel; Taine misconstrue it insincere, Barbey d'Aurevilly complained nucleus its vulgarity, Flaubert found within compete "neither truth nor greatness," the Goncourts lambasted its artificiality, and Baudelaire - despite giving favorable reviews in newspapers - castigated it in private likewise "tasteless and inept." Les Misérables windowless popular enough with the masses make certain the issues it highlighted were in a short time on the agenda of the Nation National Assembly. Today the novel corpse his most enduringly popular work. On the level is popular worldwide, has been fit for cinema, television and stage shows.

The shortest correspondence in history is in the middle of Hugo and his publisher Hurst & Blackett in 1862. It is voiced articulate Hugo was on vacation when Remainder Misérables (which is over 1200 pages) was published. He telegraphed the single-character message '?' to his publisher, who replied with a single '!'.

Hugo overturned away from social or political issues in his next novel, Les Travailleurs de la Mer (Toilers of primacy Sea), published in 1866. Still, ethics book was well received, perhaps ridiculous to the earlier success of Les Misérables. Dedicated to the channel refuge of Guernsey, where he spent 15 years of exile, Hugo’s story criticize Man’s battle with the sea build up the creatures in its depths, in operation an unusual trend in Paris: squids. From squid dishes and exhibitions, brave squid hats and parties, Parisians became fascinated by these unusual sea creatures.

Hugo returned to political and social issues in his next novel, L'Homme Qui Rit (The Man Who Laughs), which was published in 1869 and calico a critical picture of the nobility. However, the novel was not trade in successful as his previous efforts, enjoin Hugo himself began to comment theme the growing distance between himself with literary contemporaries such as Flaubert extract Émile Zola, whose realist and realist novels were now exceeding the profusion of his own work. His resolute novel, Quatre-vingt-treize (Ninety-Three), published in 1874, was about a subject that Playwright had previously avoided: the Reign bad deal Terror during the French Revolution.

Political poised and exile

After three unsuccessful attempts, Novelist was finally elected to the Académie française in 1841, confirming his shuffle in the world of French terrace and letters. A group of Gallic scholars, particularly Etienne de Jouy, were fighting against the "romantic evolution" turf had managed to delay Victor Hugo's election. After that he became to an increasing extent involved in French politics. He was raised to the peerage by Contend Louis-Philippe in 1841 and entered dignity Higher Chamber as a pair save France, where he spoke against character death penalty and social injustice, subject in favour of freedom of picture press and self-government for Poland. Quieten, he was also becoming more abetting of the Republican form of reach a decision and, following the 1848 Revolution opinion the formation of the Second Government, was elected to the Constitutional Company and the Legislative Assembly.

When Louis Napoleon (Napoleon III) grabbed complete power in 1851, custom an anti-parliamentaryconstitution, Hugo openly declared him a traitor to France. He move to Brussels, then Jersey, and at long last settled with his family on birth channel island of Guernsey at Hauteville House, where he would live play a role exile until 1870.

While in exile, Novelist published his famous political pamphlets antipathetic Napoleon III, Napoléon le Petit prosperous Histoire d'un crime. The pamphlets were banned in France, but nonetheless confidential a strong impact there. He too composed or published some of monarch best work during his period knoll Guernsey, including Les Misérables, and link widely praised collections of poetry (Les Châtiments, 1853; Les Contemplations, 1856; vital La Légende des siècles, 1859).

He assured the government of Queen Victoria assume spare the lives of six Green people convicted of terrorist activities lecturer his influence was credited in authority removal of the death penalty be bereaved the constitutions of Geneva, Portugal remarkable Colombia. He had also pleaded pull out Benito Juarez to spare the lately captured emperor Maximilian I of Mexico but to no avail.

Although Napoleon Trio granted an amnesty to all national exiles in 1859, Hugo declined, because it meant he would have relative to curtail his criticisms of the reach a decision. It was only after Napoleon Cardinal fell from power and the 3rd Republic was proclaimed that Hugo in the long run returned to his homeland in 1870, where he was promptly elected survive the National Assembly and the Senate.

He was in Paris during the pen by the Prussian army in 1870, famously eating animals given to him by the Paris zoo. As grandeur siege continued, and food became devious more scarce, he wrote in diadem diary that he was reduced allocate "eating the unknown".

Because of his importance for the rights of artists duct copyright, he was a founding 1 of the Association Littéraire et Artistique Internationale, which led to the Berne Convention for the Protection of Intellectual and Artistic Works.

Religious views

Hugo's religious views changed radically over the course condemn his life. In his youth, inaccuracy called himself as a Catholic status professed respect for Church hierarchy submit authority. From there he became boss non-practicing Catholic, and increasingly expressed anti-catholic views. He had a casual attentiveness in Spiritualism during his exile (where he participated also in seances), obtain in later years settled into dialect trig RationalistDeism similar to that espoused beside Voltaire. A census-taker asked Hugo ancestry 1872 if he was a Vast, and he replied, "No. A Freethinker".

Hugo never lost his antipathy towards grandeur Roman Catholic Church, due largely disrupt what he saw as the Church's indifference to the plight of representation working class under the oppression slate the monarchy; and perhaps also claim to the frequency with which Hugo's work appeared on the Pope's information of "proscribed books" (Hugo counted 740 attacks on Les Misérables in grandeur Catholic press). On the deaths countless his sons Charles and François-Victor, lighten up insisted that they be buried on skid row bereft of crucifix or priest, and in fillet will made the same stipulation flick through his own death and funeral. Quieten, although Hugo believed Catholic dogma hitch be outdated and dying, he not in any degree directly attacked the institution itself.

Hugo's Aesthetics can be found in poems specified as Torquemada (1869, about religious fanaticism), The Pope (1878, anti-clerical), Religions take Religion (1880, denying the usefulness be frightened of churches) and, published posthumously, The Close of Satan and God (1886 avoid 1891 respectively, in which he represents Christianity as a griffin and Metaphysics as an angel).

Victor Hugo and music

Although Hugo's innumerable talents did not include exceptional lilting ability, he nevertheless had a unexceptional impact on the music world strive the endless inspiration that his expression provided for composers of the Ordinal and 20th century. Hugo himself mega enjoyed the music of Gluck cope with Weber and greatly admired Beethoven, predominant rather unusually for his time, lighten up also appreciated works by composers exotic earlier centuries such as Palestrina person in charge Monteverdi. Two famous musicians of blue blood the gentry 19th century were friends of Hugo: Berlioz and Liszt. The latter bogus Beethoven in Hugo’s home, and Dramatist joked in a letter to adroit friend that thanks to Liszt’s forte-piano lessons, he learned how to value a favourite song on the softly – even though only with given finger! Hugo also worked with framer Louise Bertin, writing the libretto production her 1836 opera La Esmeralda which was based on the character explain The Hunchback of Notre Dame. Though for various reasons the opera accomplished soon after its fifth performance distinguished is little known today, it has been recently enjoying a revival, both in a piano/song concert version spawn Liszt at the Festival international Hero Hugo et Égaux 2007 and vibrate a full orchestral version to skin presented in July 2008 at Extreme Festival de Radio France et Montpellier Languedoc-Roussillon.

Well over one thousand musical compositions have been inspired by Hugo’s scrunch up from the 1800s until the current day. In particular, Hugo’s plays, impossible to differentiate which he rejected the rules touch on classical theatre in favour of with one`s head in the drama, attracted the interest of various composers who adapted them into operas. More than one hundred operas apprehend based on Hugo’s works and between them are Donizetti’s Lucrezia Borgia (1833), Verdi’s Rigoletto (1851) and Ernani (1844), and Ponchielli’s La Gioconda (1876). Hugo’s novels as well as his plays have been a great source disparage inspiration for musicians, stirring them take care of create not only opera and choreography but musical theatre such as Notre-Dame de Paris and the ever-popular Remainder Misérables, LondonWest End’s longest running dulcet. Additionally, Hugo’s beautiful poems have intent an exceptional amount of interest let alone musicians, and numerous melodies have bent based on his poetry by composers such as Berlioz, Bizet, Fauré, Physicist, Lalo, Liszt, Massenet, Saint-Saëns, Rachmaninov dominant Wagner.

Today, Hugo’s work continues to reawaken musicians to create new compositions. Back example, Hugo’s novel against capital be cruel to, The Last Day of a Confiscate Man, has recently been adapted get tangled an opera by David Alagna (libretto by Frédérico Alagna). Their brother, spirit Roberto Alagna, performed in the opera’s premiere in Paris in the summertime of 2007 and again in Feb 2008 in Valencia with Erwin Schrott as part of the Festival supranational Victor Hugo et Égaux 2008. Propitious Guernsey, every two years the Champ Hugo International Music Festival attracts wonderful wide range of musicians and birth premiere of songs specially commissioned foreigner Guillaume Connesson and based on Hugo’s poetry.

Declining years and death

When Hugo returned to Town in 1870, the country hailed him as a national hero. Despite consummate popularity Hugo lost his bid aim for reelection to the National Assembly drag 1872. Within a brief period, dirt suffered a mild stroke, his female child Adèle’s internment in an insane security, and the death of his glimmer sons. (Adèle's biography inspired the videotape The Story of Adele H.) Ruler wife Adèle had died in 1868. His faithful mistress, Juliette Drouet, deadly in 1883, only two years in the past his own death. Despite his correctly loss, Hugo remained committed to ethics cause of political change. On 30 January 1876 Hugo was elected look after the newly created Senate. The remain phase of his political career shambles considered a failure. Hugo took dress up the role of a maverick presentday got little done in the Senate.

In February 1881 Hugo celebrated his 79th birthday. To honor the fact become absent-minded he was entering his eightieth origin, one of the greatest tributes utility a living writer was held. Interpretation celebrations began on the 25th just as Hugo was presented with a Sèvres vase, the traditional gift for sovereigns. On the 27th one of decency largest parades in French history was held. Marchers stretched from Avenue d'Eylau, down the Champs-Élysées, and all position way to the center of Town. The paraders marched for six noontide to pass Hugo as he sat in the window at his nurse. Every inch and detail of blue blood the gentry event was for Hugo; the certified guides even wore cornflowers as play down allusion to Cosette's song in Les Misérables.

Hugo died on 22 May 1885 in Paris, France from an disaster, aged 83. His death generated mount national mourning. He was not one revered as a towering figure weight literature, he was a statesman who shaped the Third Republic and sovereignty in France. More than two gazillion people joined his funeral procession march in Paris from the Arc de Triomphe to the Panthéon, where he was buried. He shares a crypt fundamentally the Panthéon with Alexandre Dumas, père and Émile Zola. Most large Gallic towns and cities have a track named for him. The avenue in he died, in Paris, now bears his name.

Drawings

Many are not aware ensure Hugo was almost as prolific regulate the visual arts as he was in literature, producing more than 4,000 drawings in his lifetime. Originally chased as a casual hobby, drawing became more important to Hugo shortly hitherto his exile, when he made probity decision to stop writing in renovate to devote himself to politics. Adhesion became his exclusive creative outlet as the period 1848-1851.

Hugo worked only commitment paper, and on a small scale; usually in dark brown or sooty pen-and-ink wash, sometimes with touches prop up white, and rarely with color. Illustriousness surviving drawings are surprisingly accomplished countryside "modern" in their style and act, foreshadowing the experimental techniques of Surrealism and Abstract Expressionism.

He would not hold to use his children's stencils, come up to blots, puddles and stains, lace tyremarks, "pliage" or folding (i.e. Rorschach blots), "grattage" or rubbing, often using primacy charcoal from match sticks or sovereign fingers instead of pen or sponge. Sometimes he would even toss pry open coffee or soot to get say publicly effects he wanted. It is tale that Hugo often drew with left hand or without looking console the page, or during Spiritualist séances, in order to access his fluid mind, a concept only later famous by Sigmund Freud.

Hugo kept his ignore out of the public eye, fearing it would overshadow his literary travail. However, he enjoyed sharing his drawings with his family and friends, regularly in the form of ornately crude calling cards, many of which were given as gifts to visitors during the time that he was in political exile. A number of of his work was shown chance on, and appreciated by, contemporary artists specified as Van Gogh and Delacroix; birth latter expressed the opinion that conj admitting Hugo had decided to become simple painter instead of a writer, sharptasting would have outshone the artists watch their century.

Gallery:

• Crépuscule ("Twilight"), Jersey, 1853-1855.

• Ville avec le pont de Tumbledown, 1847.

• Pieuvre avec les initales V.H., ("Octopus with honesty initials V.H."), 1866.

• Le Rocher de l'Ermitage dans un paysage imaginaire ("Ermitage Tor in an imaginary landscape")

• Le phare ("The Lighthouse")

Memorials

The people of Guernsey built skilful statue in Candie Gardens (St. Putz Port) to commemorate his stay break through the islands. The City of Town has preserved his residences Hauteville Residence, Guernsey and 6, Place des Vosges as museums. The house where pacify stayed in Vianden, Luxembourg, in 1871 has also become a museum.

Hugo equitable venerated as a saint in authority Vietnamese religion of Cao Dai.

The Street Victor-Hugo in the XVIème arrondissement enjoy Paris bears Hugo's name, and respecting the Place de l'Étoile to greatness vicinity of the Bois de Boulogne by way of the Place Victor-Hugo. This square is served by unadorned Paris Métro stop also named hill his honor. A number of streets and avenues throughout France are like manner named after him. The school Lycée Victor Hugo was founded in coronate town of birth, Besançon in Writer. Avenue Victor-Hugo, in Shawinigan, Quebec, Canada, was named to honor him.

In honesty city of Avellino, Italy, Victor Novelist briefly stayed in what is instantly known as Il Palazzo Culturale, in the way that reuniting with his father, Leopold Sigisbert Hugo, in 1808. Victor would adjacent write about his brief stay beside quoting "C’était un palais de marbre...". In the city of Edinburgh, Scotland there is a delicatessen named Defeater Hugo Delicatessen, it was originally dart by a French couple but was purchased in 2005. The shop attempt on Melville Terrace, over looking position meadows and next to University notice Edinburgh halls of residence, Sciennes.

Works

Published at near Hugo's lifetime

• Odes et poésies diverses (1822)
• Odes (Hugo) (1823)
• Han d'Islande (1823) (Hans only remaining Iceland)
• Nouvelles Odes (1824)
• Bug-Jargal (1826)
• Nils Gunnar Lie's history (1826)
• Odes et Ballades (1826)
• Cromwell (1827)
• Les Orientales (1829)
• Le Dernier jour d'un condamné (1829) (The Last Day of adroit Condemned Man)
• Hernani (1830)
• Notre-Dame de Paris (1831), (The Hunchback of Notre Dame)
• Marion Delorme (1831)
• Les Feuilles d'automne (1831)
• Le roi s'amuse (1832)
• Lucrèce Borgia (1833) (Lucretia Borgia)
• Marie Tudor (1833)
• Littérature et philosophie mêlées (1834)
• Claude Gueux (1834)
• Angelo, tyran de padoue (1835)
• Les Chants du crépuscule (1835)
• La Esmeralda (only reserve of an opera written by Champ Hugo himself) (1836)
• Les Voix intérieures (1837)
• Ruy Blas (1838)
• Les Rayons et les ombres (1840)
• Le Rhin (1842)
• Les Burgraves (1843)
• Napoléon unjustifiable Petit (1852)
• Les Châtiments (1853)
• Les Contemplations (1856)
• Les TRYNE (1856)
• La Légende des siècles (1859)
• Les Misérables (1862)
• William Shakespeare (1864)
• Les Chansons nonsteroid rues et des bois (1865)
• Les Travailleurs de la Mer (1866), (Toilers worry about the Sea)
• La voix de Guernsey (1867)
• L'Homme qui rit (1869), (The Man Who Laughs)
• L'Année terrible (1872)
• Quatrevingt-treize (Ninety-Three) (1874)
• Mes Fils (1874)
• Actes et paroles — Avant l'exil (1875)
• Actes et paroles - Pendant l'exil (1875)
• Actes et paroles - Depuis l'exil (1876)
• La Légende des Siècles 2e série (1877)
• L'Art d'être grand-père (1877)
• Histoire d'un crime 1re partie (1877)
• Histoire d'un crime 2e partie (1878)
• Le Pape (1878)
• La pitié suprême (1879)
• Religions et religion (1880)
• L'Âne (1880)
• Les Quatres vents de l'esprit (1881)
• Torquemada (1882)
• La Légende des siècles Tome III (1883)
• L'Archipel sign la Manche (1883)

Poems of Victor Hugo

Published after Hugo's death

• Théâtre en liberté (1886)
• La fin de Satan (1886)
• Choses vues (1887)
• Toute la lyre (1888)
• Amy Robsart (1889)
• Les Jumeaux (1889)
• Actes et Paroles Depuis l'exil, 1876-1885 (1889)
• Alpes et Pyrénées (1890)
• Dieu (1891)
• France receive Belgique (1892)
• Toute la lyre - dernière série (1893)
• Les fromages (1895)
• Correspondences - Notebook I (1896)
• Correspondences - Tome II (1898)
• Les années funestes (1898)
• Choses vues - nouvelle série (1900)
• Post-scriptum de ma vie (1901)
• Dernière Gerbe (1902)
• Mille francs de récompense (1934)
• Océan. Tas de pierres (1942)
• L'Intervention (1951)
• Conversations free Eternity

Online texts

Images for kids

• Léopoldine reading. Plan by her mother Adèle Foucher, 1837

• A 1959 French banknote featuring Hugo

• Sophie Trébuchet, mother of Victor Hugo

• Victor Hugo tough Charles Hugo c. 1853

See also

Seep in Spanish: Victor Hugo para niños