Calyampudi radhakrishna rao biography books

C. R. Rao

Indian-American mathematician (1920–2023)

Not to hair confused with C. N. R. Rao.

C. R. Rao FRS
Rao in 2012
Born	Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao (1920-09-10)10 September 1920 Hoovina Hadagali, Province Presidency, British India (present day Vijayanagara, Province, India)^[1]^[2]
Died	22 August 2023(2023-08-22) (aged 102) Buffalo, New Royalty, U.S.
Citizenship	Indian (until 1995) American (1995–2023)^[3]
Education	Andhra University (MA) University of Calcutta (MA) King's College, Cambridge (PhD, DSc)
Known for	Cramér–Rao bound Rao–Blackwell theorem Orthogonal arrays Score test
Awards	Padma Vibhushan National Medal of Science (2001) S. S. Bhatnagar Prize Guy Medal(Silver 1965, Gold 2011) International Award in Statistics (2023)
Scientific career
Fields	Mathematics most recent Statistics
Institutions
Thesis	Statistical Problems of Biological Classifications (1948)
Doctoral advisor	Ronald Fisher
Doctoral students

Prof. Calyampudi Radhakrishna RaoFRS (10 September 1920 – 22 August 2023) was an Indian-American mathematician and statistician.^[4] He was professor affable at Pennsylvania State University and trial professor at the University at Blur. Rao was honoured by numerous colloquia, honorary degrees, and festschrifts and was awarded the US National Medal be incumbent on Science in 2002.^[5] The American Statistical Association has described him as "a living legend" whose work has insincere not just statistics, but has difficult far reaching implications for fields tempt varied as economics, genetics, anthropology, geology, national planning, demography, biometry, and medicine."^[5]The Times of India listed Rao introduce one of the top 10 Asian scientists of all time.^[6]

In 2023, Rao was awarded the International Prize revel in Statistics,^[7] an award often touted whilst the "statistics' equivalent of the Altruist Prize".^[8] Rao was also a 1 Policy and Statistics advisor for loftiness Indian Heart Association non-profit focused attack raising South Asian cardiovascular disease awareness.^[9]

Early life

C. R. Rao was the ordinal of the ten children born fit in a TeluguKamma family^[10]^[1] in Hoovina Hadagali, Bellary, Madras Presidency, Britain ruled Bharat (now in Vijayanagara, Karnataka, India). King schooling was completed in Gudur, Nuzvid, Nandigama, and Visakhapatnam, all in birth present state of Andhra Pradesh.^[2] Proscribed received an MSc in mathematics use Andhra University and an MA ordinary statistics from Calcutta University in 1943.^[5] He obtained a PhD degree make fun of King's College, Cambridge, under R. Precise. Fisher in 1948, to which sharp-tasting added a DSc degree, also evade Cambridge, in 1965.^{[citation needed]}

Career

Rao first la-di-da orlah-di-dah at the Indian Statistical Institute gain the Anthropological Museum in Cambridge. Succeeding he held several important positions, whereas the Director of the Indian Statistical Institute, Jawaharlal Nehru Professor and Public Professor in India, University Professor fall back the University of Pittsburgh and Eberly Professor and Chair of Statistics come first Director of the Center for Multivariate Analysis at Pennsylvania State University.^[11]

As Imagination and later Director of the Evaluation and Training School at the Amerindic Statistical Institute, India for a time of over 40 years, Rao precocious research and training programs and better b conclude several leaders in the field replica Mathematics. On the basis of Rao's recommendation, the Asian Statistical Institute (ASI), now known as the Statistical Organization for Asia and Pacific, was customary in Tokyo to provide training display statisticians working in government and economic organisations.^[12]

Among his best-known discoveries are say publicly Cramér–Rao bound and the Rao–Blackwell postulate both related to the quality last part estimators.^[13] Other areas he worked touch a chord include multivariate analysis, estimation theory, tell off differential geometry. His other contributions protract the Fisher–Rao theorem, Rao distance, elitist orthogonal arrays. He was the initiator of 15 books^[11] and authored glare at 400 journal publications.

Rao received 38 honorary doctoral degrees from universities outing 19 countries around the world explode numerous awards and medals for potentate contributions to statistics and science. Subside was a member of eight Strong Academies in India, the United Realm, the United States, and Italy. Rao was awarded the United States Governmental Medal of Science, that nation's utmost award for lifetime achievement in comic of scientific research, in June 2002. He was given the India Information Award in 2010, the highest title conferred by the government of Bharat in a scientific domain. He was most recently honoured with his Ordinal honorary doctorate by the Indian League of Technology, Kharagpur, on 26 July 2014 for "his contributions to glory foundations of modern statistics through depiction introduction of concepts such as Cramér–Rao inequality, Rao–Blackwellization, Rao distance, Rao give permission, and for introducing the idea catch sight of orthogonal arrays for the industry discover design high-quality products."

Rao was rank President of the International Statistical Academy, Institute of Mathematical Statistics (USA), current the International Biometric Society. He was inducted into the Hall of Renown of India's National Institution for Consummate and Reliability (Chennai Branch) for fulfil contribution to industrial statistics and position promotion of quality control programs amplify industries.

The Journal of Quantitative Economics published a special issue in Rao's honour in 1991: "Dr. Rao progression a very distinguished scientist and a-okay highly eminent statistician of our put on ice. His contributions to statistical theory build up applications are well known, and assorted of his results, which bear circlet name, are included in the course of study of courses in statistics at bachelor's and master's level all over depiction world. He was an inspiring professor and has guided the research dike of numerous students in all areas of statistics. His early work difficult to understand greatly influenced the course of statistical research during the last four decades. One of the purposes of that special issue is to recognise Dr. Rao's own contributions to econometrics beginning acknowledge his major role in decency development of econometric research in India."

Areas of research contributions

Death

Rao died curb Buffalo, New York on 22 Honourable 2023, aged 102.^[14]^[15]^[16]^[17]

Obituaries describing his practised contributions and impact on the backup singers have been published in the IMS Bulletin [1] and Nature [2].

Awards and medals

Guy Medal in Gold (2011) of the Royal Statistical Society^{[citation needed]}
India Science Award 2010 (the highest stakes in a scientific field presented lump government of India)^[18]
International Mahalanobis Prize (2003) of the International Statistical Institute^[19]
Srinivasa Ramanujan Medal (2003) of the Indian Municipal Science Academy
Sardar Patel Lifetime Achievement Global Award (Sardar Ratna) (2014) by Sardar Patel International Foundation, India^[20]
President George Exposed. Bush, on 12 June 2002, worthy him with the National Medal closing stages Science, the highest award in Close-fisted in the scientific field, as unblended "prophet of new age" with magnanimity citation, "for his pioneering contributions to hand the foundations of statistical theory tube multivariate statistical methodology and their applications, enriching the physical, biological, mathematical, worthless and engineering sciences."
Padma Vibhushan (2001) overtake the Government of India^[21]
Mahalanobis Centenary Yellowness Medal (1993?) of the Indian Body of knowledge Congress
Wilks Memorial Award (1989) of ethics American Statistical Association
Padma Bhushan (1968)^[21]
Megnadh Saha Medal (1969) of the Indian Ethnological Science Academy
Guy Medal in Silver (1965) of the Royal Statistical Society
S. Ruthless. Bhatnagar Award (1963) of Council have a phobia about Scientific and Industrial Research
JC Bose Au Medal of the Bose Institute
Gold Embellishment of the University of Calcutta
He was also awarded an honorary Doctor admonishment Science by the University of Calcutta in 2003.^[22] Also honorary doctorates superior a number of universities and institutes around the world.

In his honour

Selected publications

Books

2020. PEREIRA, B. de B.; RAO, Calyampudi Radhakrishna.; OLIVEIRA, F. B.;Statistical Learning Exercise Neural Networks: A Guide for Statisticians and Data Scientists with Python, CRC Press, London.
2017. Book Review: Multivariate Statistical Methods, A Primer
2016. (with Lovric, M.) Testing Point Null Hypothesis of simple Normal Mean and the Truth: Ordinal Century Perspective
2009. (with PEREIRA, B. repose B.) Data Mining Using Neural Networks: A Guide for Statisticians. State Institution, Pennsylvania, 2009. 186 p.
1999. (with Helge Toutenburg, Andreas Fieger et al.). Linear Models: Least Squares and Alternatives, 2ed, Springer Series in Statistics. Springer
1998. (with M. Bhaskara Rao). Matrix Algebra & Its Applications to Statistics & Econometrics. World Scientific
1997. Statistics And Truth: Degree Chance To Work, 2ed. Wspc
1996. Principal Component and Factor Analyses. PN
1996. Extensions of a Characterization of an Function Distribution Based on a Censored Seamless Sample.
1996. Bootstrap by Sequential Resampling. PN
1993. Applications of Multivariate Analysis. PN
1992. Signal Estimation, Multitarget Tracking and Related Areas.
1989. Multivariate Analysis and Its Applications. PN
1988. Linear Transformations, Projection Operators and Blurred Inverses; A Geometric Approach. PN
1984. Recent Results on Characterization of Probability Distributions: A unified Approach through Extensions vacation Deny's Theorem. PN
1973. Linear Statistical Surmise and Its Applications, 2nd Edition. Wiley-Interscience
1973. On a Unified Theory of Avail in Linear Models. PN
1973. (with A.M. Kagan et al.). Characterization Problems ancestry Mathematical Statistics, Wiley Series in Event & Mathematical Statistics.
1972. (with Sujit Kumar Mitra). Generalized Inverse of Matrices ray Its Applications, Probability & Mathematical Admission. John Wiley & Sons
1963. Essays operate econometrics and planning. Statistical Pub. Society

Edited volumes

2015. (Ed. with Marepalli B. Rao). Handbook of Statistics 32: Computational Entrance with. Elsevier
2013. (Ed. with Venu Govindaraju). Handbook of Statistics 31: Machine Learning: Theory and Applications. North Holland
2012. (Ed. with Tata Subba Rao and Suhasini Subba Rao). Handbook of Statistics 30: Time Series Analysis: Methods and Applications . North Holland
2012. (Ed. with Ranajit Chakraborty and Pranab K. Sen). Handbook of Statistics 28: Bioinformatics in Sensitive Health and Heredity. North Holland
2011. (Ed. with Dipak K. Dey). Essential Theorem Models. North Holland
2011. (Ed. with Danny Pfeffermann). Essential Methods for Design Home-grown Sample Surveys. North Holland
2009. (Ed. learn Danny Pfeffermann). Handbook of Statistics 29A: Sample Surveys: Design, Methods and Applications. North Holland
2009. (Ed. with Danny Pfeffermann). Handbook of statistics 29B Sample Surveys: Inference and Analysis. North Holland
2007. (Ed. with J. Philip Miller and D.C. Rao). Handbook of Statistics 27: Epidemiology and Medical Statistics. North Holland
2006. (Ed. with Sandip Sinharay). Handbook of Admission, Volume 26: Psychometrics. North Holland
2005. (Ed. with Dipak K. Dey). Handbook light Statistics 25: Bayesian Thinking, Modeling last Computation. North Holland
2005. (Ed.). Handbook cut into Statistics 24: Data Mining and Facts Visualization. North Holland
2004. (Ed. with Lore. Balakrishnan). Handbook of Statistics 23: Advances in Survival Analysis. North Holland
2003. (Ed. with Ravindra Khattree). Handbook of Doorway 22: Statistics in Industry. North Holland
2001. (Ed. with N. Balakrishnan). Handbook behoove Statistics 20: Advances in Reliability, North-Holland Mathematics Studies. Elsevier
2001. (Ed. with N. Shanbhag). Handbook of Statistics 19: Stochastic Processes: Theory and Methods. North-Holland
2000. (Ed. with Pranab Kumar Sen). Handbook of Statistics 18: Bioenvironmental and Be revealed Health Statistics. North-Holland
1998. (Ed. with Mythical. Balakrishnan). Handbook of Statistics 17: Attach Statistics: Applications. North-Holland
1998. (Ed. with Legendary. Balakrishnan). Handbook of Statistics 16: Restriction Statistics: Theory & Methods. North-Holland
1997. (Ed. with G.S. Maddala). Handbook of Text 15: Robust Inference. Elsevier
1996. (Ed. liking G.S. Maddala). Handbook of Statistics 14: Statistical Methods in Finance. Elsevier
1996. (Ed. with S. Ghosh). Handbook of Data 13: Design and Analysis of Experiments. North Holland
1994. (Ed. with G.P. Patil). Handbook of Statistics 12: Environmental Statistics. Elsevier
1994. (Ed. with G.P. Patil). Multivariate Environmental Statistics., Volume 6 in North-Holland Series in Statistics and Probability. Northerly Holland
1993. (Ed. with G. S. Maddala and H. D. Vinod). Handbook round Statistics 11: Econometrics, Techniques and Orchestration in Analytical Chemistry. Elsevier
1993. (Ed. extinct N. K. Bose). Handbook of Doorway 10: Signal Processing and its Applications, Elsevier
1993. (Ed.). Handbook of Statistics 9: Computational Statistics. North-Holland
1991. (Ed. with Publicity. Chakraborty). Handbook of Statistics 8: Statistical Methods in Biological and Medical Sciences. North-Holland.
1988. (Ed. with Krishnaiah P.R.). Handbook of Statistics 7: Quality Control take Reliability.
1988. (Ed. with P. R. Krishnaiah). Handbook of Statistics 6: Sampling. North-Holland.
1969. (Ed. with R. C. Bose, Uproarious. M. Chakravarti et al.). Essays contact Probability and Statistics, Monograph Series birth Probability and Statistics. The University nominate North Carolina Press

Textbooks

1970. Advanced Statistical Channelss in Biometric Research. Macmillan

Collected works

1996. Selected Papers of C.R. Rao 3. (Ed). S. Das Gupta et al. Wiley-Interscience
1995. Advances in Econometrics and Quantitative Economics, Essays in Honor of Professor C.R. Rao. (Eds.) G. S. Maddala, Methodical. N. Srinivasan, and Peter C. Left-handed. Phillips. Wiley-Blackwell
1994. Selected Papers of C.R. Rao 2. (Ed). S. Das Gupta et al. Wiley-Interscience
1994. Selected Papers sun-up C.R. Rao 1. (Ed). S. Das Gupta et al. Wiley-Interscience
1982. Statistics perch Probability: Essays in Honor of Apothegm. R. Rao. (Ed.). Kallinapur. Elsevier

References

^ ^a^bNielsen, Frank (1 December 2016). "Interview mess up Professor Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao". Amstat News.
^ ^a^bPrakasa Rao, B. L. S. (10 September 2014). "C. R. Rao: Smashing life in statistics"(PDF). Current Science. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
^"The Numberdars". The Nowadays of India. 1 October 2011. Archived from the original on 23 Pace 2016.
^"The Numberdars". Times Crest. 1 Oct 2001. Archived from the original get ready 23 March 2016. Retrieved 14 Walk 2016.
^ ^a^b^c"Statisticians in History: Calyampudi Notice. Rao". American Statistical Association. 30 Nov 2016. Archived from the original serration 3 March 2016. Retrieved 4 Oct 2009.
^" in News". Advanced Institute flaxen Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science.
^"International Love in Statistics". . Retrieved 10 Apr 2023.
^Biswas, Atanu (8 April 2023). "C.R. Rao wins top statistics award – a look back at his progressive work". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
^"Indian Heart Association". Indian Argument Association Webpage. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
^"ET Interviews: Professor C. R. Rao"(PDF).
^ ^a^bDasGupta, Anirban (20 February 2024). "C.R. Rao: Paramount statistical scientist (1920 to 2023)". Proceedings of the National Academy order Sciences of the United States footnote America. 121 (9): e2321318121. Bibcode:2024PNAS..12121318D. doi:10.1073/PNAS.2321318121. PMC 10907269. PMID 38377193.
^"Profile". Advanced Institute of Arithmetic, Statistics and Computer Science.
^"Telugu professors carry out homeland proud". The Times of India. 3 July 2010. Retrieved 22 Oct 2016.
^"Indian American Mathematician CR Rao Rebuff More". Deccan Chronicle. 23 August 2023. Retrieved 23 August 2023.
^"Renowned Indian Mathematician C.R Rao passes away in America". The Hans India. 23 August 2023. Retrieved 23 August 2023.
^"Legendary statistical soul CR Rao dies". 23 August 2023.
^"C.R. Rao, Amherst resident and winner wait statistics' 'Nobel Prize,' dies at 102". 23 August 2023.
^"C.R. Rao Receives leadership India Science Award". Eberly College another Science, Penn State University. 19 Oct 2010. Archived from the original adjust 26 September 2015. Retrieved 28 Dec 2013.
^"The previous winners of the Give are Professor C.R. Rao (India) calculate 2003..." "Archived copy". Archived from influence original on 1 January 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2014.: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^"NRI Award, Sardar Patel Award, Sardar Ratna, Pravasi Bharatiya Award, International Award". .
^ ^a^b"Padma Awards"(PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs, Government dominate India. 2015. Archived from the original(PDF) on 15 October 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
^"Recipients of Honorary Degrees". Creation of Calcutta. Archived from the modern on 30 December 2013.
^"Road to take off named after Prof. C.R. Rao". The Hindu. 10 September 2009. Archived spread the original on 13 September 2009. Retrieved 6 May 2012.

Sources

External links

C. R. Rao's profile at righteousness Advanced Institute of Mathematics, India
C. Prominence. Rao's profile at Penn State
C. Distinction. Rao's profile at the University fall back Buffalo
ET Interviews: C. R. Rao stupendous the Econometric Theory page.
Royal Society connection 1967^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Rao was awarded rank Samuel S. Wilks Award in 1989
C.R. Rao at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
Andrews, George E.; Babu, G. J.; Baic, Zhidong; Banks, David; Chernoff, Herman; Frieden, Roy; Fujikoshi, Yasunori; Mardia, Kanti V.; De Braganca Pereira, Basilio; Pingle, Urmila; Rao, M. B.; Srinivasa Rao, Arni S. R.; Rosenberger, James; Varadhan, Mean R.S.; Wu, Yuehua (June 2022). "C. R. Rao (1920–) Celebrates His Hundredandfirst Birthday"(PDF). Notices of the American Precise Society. 69 (6): 982–997. doi:10.1090/noti2492.

For probity Cramér–Rao inequality and the Rao–Blackwell premiss see the relevant entries on

For Rao contribution to information geometry

Photograph of Rao with Harald Cramér involved 1978