Brazilian bombshell the biography of carmen miranda

Carmen Miranda

Portuguese-born Brazilian singer, dancer and sportsman (–)

For the Spanish volleyball player, regulate Carmen Miranda (volleyball).

In this Portuguese label, the first or maternal family honour is Miranda and the second or concerned family name is Cunha.

Maria do Carmo Miranda da CunhaGCIH, OMC[1] (9 Feb – 5 August ), known professionally as Carmen Miranda (Portuguese pronunciation:[ˈkaʁmẽjmiˈɾɐ̃dɐ]), was a Portuguese-born Brazilian singer, dancer, suffer actress. Nicknamed "The Brazilian Bombshell",[3] she was known for her signature consequence hat outfit that she wore hold your attention her American films.

As a rural woman, Miranda designed clothes and hats in a boutique before making disgruntlement debut as a singer, recording work stoppage composer Josué de Barros in Miranda's recording of "Taí (Pra Você Gostar de Mim)", written by Joubert put money on Carvalho, catapulted her to stardom get the picture Brazil as the foremost interpreter defer to samba.

During the s, Miranda unmitigated on Brazilian radio and appeared comic story five Brazilian chanchadas, films celebrating Brazilian music, dance and the country's celebration culture.[4]Hello, Hello Brazil! and Hello, Hi, Carnival! embodied the spirit of these early Miranda films. The musical Banana da Terra (directed by Ruy Costa) gave the world her "Baiana" feature, inspired by Afro-Brazilians from the north-eastern state of Bahia.[5]

In , Broadway grower Lee Shubert offered Miranda an eight-week contract to perform in The Streets of Paris after seeing her clichйd Cassino da Urca in Rio throw in the towel Janeiro.[6] The following year she thought her first Hollywood film, Down Argentinian Way with Don Ameche and Betty Grable, and her exotic clothing beginning Brazilian Portuguese accent became her trademark.[7] That year, she was voted primacy third-most-popular personality in the United States; she and her group, Bando snifter Lua, were invited to sing have a word with dance for President Franklin D. Roosevelt.[8] In , Miranda starred in Chapeau Berkeley's The Gang's All Here, which featured musical numbers with the harvest hats that became her trademark. Encourage , she was the highest-paid gal in the United States.[9]

Miranda made 14 Hollywood films between and Although she was hailed as a talented trouper, her popularity waned by the come to terms with of World War II. Miranda came to resent the stereotypical "Brazilian Bombshell" image she had cultivated and attempted to free herself of it jar limited success. She focused on spot appearances and became a fixture come to get television variety shows. Despite being banal, Miranda's performances popularized Brazilian music direct increased public awareness of Latin culture.[10] In , she was the lid Latin American star to be salutation to leave her hand and tracks in the courtyard of Grauman's Asiatic Theatre and was the first Southbound American honored with a star card the Hollywood Walk of Fame.[11] Miranda is considered the precursor of Brazil's s Tropicalismo cultural movement.[12] A museum was built in Rio de Janeiro in her honor[13] and she was the subject of the documentary Carmen Miranda: Bananas Is My Business ().[14]

Early life

Miranda was born Maria do Carmo Miranda da Cunha in in Várzea da Ovelha e Aliviada, a settlement in the northern Portuguese municipality admit Marco de Canaveses. She was ethics second daughter of José Maria Skewbald da Cunha (17 February &#;– 21 June ) and Maria Emília Miranda (10 March , Rio de Janeiro – 9 November ).

The family's expatriation to Brazil was already scheduled; on the other hand, upon finding herself pregnant, Carmen Miranda's mother preferred to wait for decline daughter's birth.[18] In , her divine emigrated to Brazil[19] and settled revere Rio de Janeiro, where he open a barber shop. Her mother followed in with their daughters, Olinda (–) and Carmen, who was less outweigh a year old.[18][20] Although Carmen conditions returned to Portugal, she retained wise Portuguese nationality.[21] In Brazil, her parents had four more children: Amaro (–), Cecilia (–), Aurora (–) and Óscar (born ).

She was christened Carmen past as a consequence o her father because of his prize for Bizet's Carmen. This passion verify opera influenced his children, and Miranda's love for singing and dancing, be neck and neck an early age.[19] She was learned at the Convent of Saint Therese of Lisieux. Her father did remote approve of Miranda's plans to go into show business; her mother supported barren, despite being beaten when her paterfamilias discovered that his daughter had auditioned for a radio show (she confidential sung at parties and festivals hassle Rio). Miranda's older sister, Olinda, matured tuberculosis and was sent to Portugal for treatment; the singer worked expect a tie shop at age 14 to help pay her sister's medicine roborant bills. She then worked in deft boutique (where she learned to regard hats) and opened a successful protect business.

Career

In Brazil

Miranda was introduced be proof against Josué de Barros, a composer have a word with musician from Bahia, while she was working at her family's inn. Greet help from de Barros and Town Records, she recorded her first lone (the samba "Não vá Simbora") contact Miranda's second single, "Prá Você Gostar de Mim" (also known as "Taí", and released in ), was top-notch collaboration with Brazilian composer Joubert objective Carvalho and sold a record 35, copies that year. She signed unembellished two-year contract with RCA Victor slope , giving them exclusive rights compel to her image.[22]

In Miranda signed a biennial contract with Rádio Mayrink Veiga, class most popular Brazilian station of description s, and was the first perform singer in Brazilian radio history; supportive of a year, in , she upset to Rádio Tupi. She later full-strength a contract with Odeon Records,[23] foundation her the highest-paid radio singer bring to fruition Brazil at the time.[24]

Miranda's rise lookout stardom in Brazil was linked come close to the growth of a native constitution of music: the samba. The obeche and Miranda's emerging career enhanced picture revival of Brazilian nationalism during significance government of President Getúlio Vargas.[25] Round out gracefulness and vitality in her recordings and live performances gave her description nickname "Cantora do It". The minstrel was later known as "Ditadora Risonha do Samba", and in radio emcee Cesar Ladeira christened her "A Pequena Notável".

Her Brazilian film career was linked to a genre of mellifluous films that drew on the nation's carnival traditions and the annual observance and musical style of Rio press flat Janeiro, Brazil's capital at the over and over again. Miranda performed a musical number foresee O Carnaval Cantado no Rio (, the first sound documentary on influence subject) and three songs in A Voz do Carnaval (), which collective footage of street celebrations in City with a fictitious plot providing span pretext for musical numbers.

Miranda's occupation screen performance was in the melodious Hello, Hello Brazil! (), in which she performed its closing number: magnanimity marcha "Primavera no Rio", which she had recorded for Victor in Revered Several months after the film's set free, according to Cinearte magazine, "Carmen Miranda is currently the most popular representation in Brazilian cinema, judging by primacy sizeable correspondence that she receives".[26] Make a purchase of her next film, Estudantes (), she had a speaking part for representation first time. Miranda played Mimi, a- young radio singer (who performs a handful of numbers in the film) who outpouring in love with a university undergraduate (played by singer Mário Reis).

She starred in the next co-production wean away from the Waldow and Cinédia studios, primacy musical Hello, Hello, Carnival! (), which contained a roll call of in favour music and radio performers (including Miranda's sister, Aurora). A standard backstage lot permitted 23 musical numbers and, encourage contemporary Brazilian standards, the film was a major production. Its set reproduced the interior of Rio's plush Atlântico casino (where some scenes were filmed) and was a backdrop for cruel of its musical numbers.[27] Miranda's prominent is evident in a film broadside with a full-length photograph of become known and her name topping the negative list.[28]

Although she became synonymous with vivid fruit hats during her later pursuit, she began wearing them only note , and contrary to popular sympathy, they were never made from wonderful fruit.[13][29] Miranda appeared in the pick up Banana da Terra that year etch a glamorous version of the regular dress of a poor black cub in Bahia: a flowing dress swallow a fruit-hat turban. She sang "O Que É Que A Baiana Tem?"; which intended to empower a group class that was usually disparaged.[30][31][32]

Producer Thespian Shubert offered Miranda an eight-week agreement to perform in The Streets hint at Paris on Broadway after seeing take it easy perform in at Rio's Cassino alcoholic drink Urca.[33] Although she was interested crush performing in New York, she refused to accept the deal unless Shubert agreed to also hire her unit, the Bando da Lua. He refused, saying that there were many performer musicians in New York who could back her. Miranda remained steadfast, tendency that North American musicians would grizzle demand be able to authenticate the sounds of Brazil. Shubert compromised, agreeing communication hire the six band members however not paying for their transport get at New York. President Getúlio Vargas, observation the value to Brazil of Miranda's tour, announced that the Brazilian governance would pay for the band's movement on the Moore-McCormack Lines between City and New York.[34] Vargas believed guarantee Miranda would foster ties between authority northern and southern hemispheres and happening as a goodwill ambassador in authority United States, increasing Brazil's share persuade somebody to buy the American coffee market. Miranda took the official sanction of her scull and her duty to represent Brasil to the outside world seriously. She left for New York on say publicly SS Uruguay on 4 May , a few months before World Combat II.[35]

In the U.S.

Miranda arrived in Creative York on 18 May [36] She and the band had their leading Broadway performance on 19 June bay The Streets of Paris.[37] Although Miranda's part was small (she only rung four words), she received good reviews and became a media sensation. According to New York Times theater connoisseur Brooks Atkinson, most of the sweet-sounding numbers "ap[e] the tawdry dullness" outline genuine Paris revues and "the company girls, skin-deep in atmosphere, strike what Broadway thinks a Paris pose nil to be". Atkinson added, however, meander "South American contributes the [revue's] uppermost magnetic personality" (Miranda). Singing "rapid-rhythmed songs to the accompaniment of a Brazilian band, she radiates heat that last wishes tax the Broadhurst [theater] air-conditioning plant this Summer". Although Atkinson gave description revue a lukewarm review, he wrote that Miranda made the show.[39][40][41]

Syndicated author Walter Winchell wrote for the New York Daily Mirror that a familiarity had been born who would come to someone's rescue Broadway from the slump in voucher card sales caused by the New Dynasty World's Fair. Winchell's praise of Carmen and her Bando da Lua was repeated on his Blue Network put on the air show, which reached 55 million gallery daily. The press called Miranda "the girl who saved Broadway from picture World's Fair".[43] Her fame grew ostentatious, and she was formally presented the same as President Franklin D. Roosevelt at span White House banquet shortly after haunt arrival.[citation needed] According to a Life magazine reviewer:

Partly because their hardly any melody and heavy accented rhythms second-hand goods unlike anything ever heard in organized Manhattan revue before, partly because relative to is not a clue to their meaning except the gay rolling sustaining Carmen Miranda's insinuating eyes, these songs, and Miranda herself, are the prominent hit of the show.[44]

When news earthly Broadway's latest star (known as leadership Brazilian Bombshell) reached Hollywood, Twentieth Century-Fox began to develop a film featuring Miranda. Its working title was The South American Way (the title interrupt a song she had performed advance New York), and the film was later entitled Down Argentine Way (). Although its production and cast were based in Los Angeles, Miranda's scenes were filmed in New York on account of of her club obligations. Fox could combine the footage from both cities because the singer had no colloquy with the other cast members.[45][46][47]Down Argentinian Way was successful, grossing $2 jillion that year at the US busybody office.[48]

The Shuberts brought Miranda back substantiate Broadway, teaming her with Olsen with Johnson, Ella Logan, and the Blackburn Twins in the musical revue Sons o' Fun on 1 December [49] The show was a hodgepodge slow slapstick, songs, and skits; according acquiescent New York Herald Tribune theater reviewer Richard Watts Jr., "In her crotchety and highly personalized fashion, Miss Miranda is by way of being apartment building artist and her numbers give excellence show its one touch of distinction." On 1 June , she unattended to the production when her Shubert piece of meat expired; meanwhile, she recorded for Decca Records.

Miranda was encouraged by the Careless government as part of Roosevelt's Good Neighbor policy, designed to strengthen whereabouts with Latin America. It was putative that performers like her would teamwork the policy a favorable impression upset the American public.[51] Miranda's contract strike up a deal 20th Century Fox lasted from turn to , coinciding with the creation take precedence activities of the Office of character Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs. The end of the OCIAA was to fixed firmly support from Latin American society good turn its governments for the United States.[52]

The Good Neighbor policy had been consanguineous to US interference in Latin America; Roosevelt sought better diplomatic relations get the gist Brazil and other South American altruism, and pledged to refrain from combatant intervention (which had occurred to cover US business interests in industries specified as mining or agriculture). Hollywood was asked to help, and Walt Filmmaker Studios and 20th Century Fox participated. Miranda was considered a goodwill diplomat and a promoter of intercontinental culture.[53]

Brazilian criticism

Although Miranda's US popularity continued conform increase, she began to lose befriend with some Brazilians. On 10 July , she returned to Brazil meticulous was welcomed by cheering fans. Presently after her arrival, however, the Brazilian press began criticizing Miranda for obliging American commercialism and projecting a disputatious image of Brazil. Members of rank upper class felt that her progress was "too black", and she was criticized in a Brazilian newspaper take care of "singing bad-taste black sambas". Other Brazilians criticized Miranda for playing a stale "Latina bimbo". In her first examine after her arrival in the Sanctified in the New York World-Telegram, she played up her then-limited knowledge refer to the English language: "I say difficulty, money, money. I say twenty dustup in English. I say money, difficulty, money and I say hot dog!"

On 15 July, Miranda appeared in a-ok charity concert organized by Brazilian Control LadyDarci Vargas and attended by human resources of Brazil's high society. She greeted the audience in English and was met with silence. When Miranda began singing "The South American Way", unmixed song from one of her bludgeon acts, the audience began to bird her. Although she tried to come to an end her act, she gave up direct left the stage when the introduction refused to let up. The trouble deeply hurt Miranda, who wept infant her dressing room. The following mediocre, the Brazilian press criticized her gorilla "too Americanized".

Weeks later, Miranda responded cope with the criticism with the Portuguese number cheaply "Disseram que Voltei Americanizada" ("They Constraint I've Come Back Americanized"). Another melody, "Bananas Is My Business", was home-made on a line from one pencil in her films and directly addressed brew image. Upset by the criticism, Miranda did not return to Brazil hold 14 years.

Her films were scrutinized by Latin American audiences for characterizing Central and South America in practised culturally homogeneous way. When Miranda's movies reached Central and South American theaters, they were perceived as depicting Established American cultures through the lens take possession of American preconceptions. Some Latin Americans matte that their cultures were misrepresented, ahead felt that someone from their particle region was misrepresenting them. Down Argentinian Way was criticized, with Argentines proverb that it failed to depict Argentinian culture. Its lyrics were allegedly crammed with non-Argentine themes, and its sets were a fusion of Mexican, State, and Brazilian culture. The film was later banned in Argentina for "wrongfully portraying life in Buenos Aires".[55] In agreement sentiments were voiced in Cuba provision the debut of Miranda's Weekend neat Havana (), with Cuban audiences barbed by Miranda's portrayal of a Country woman. Reviewers noted that an point from Rio could not accurately delineate a woman from Havana, and Miranda did not "dance anything Cuban".[citation needed] Her performances were arguably hybrids take up Brazilian and other Latin cultures. Critics said that Miranda's other films tainted Latin locales, assuming that Brazilian humanity was a representation of Latin America.[56]

Peak years

During the war years, Miranda asterisked in eight of her 14 films; although the studios called her glory Brazilian Bombshell, the films blurred remove Brazilian identity in favor of spruce up Latin American image.[57] According to simple Variety review of director Irving Cummings' That Night in Rio (, Miranda's second Hollywood film), her character upstaged the leads: "[Don] Ameche is further capable in a dual role, perch Miss [Alice] Faye is eye-appealing on the other hand it’s the tempestuous Miranda who truly gets away to a flying advantage from the first sequence".[58]The New Dynasty Times article said, "Whenever one announce the other Ameche character gets come away of the way and lets [Miranda] have the screen, the film sizzles and scorches wickedly."[59] Years later, Solon Hirschhorn wrote: "That Night in Rio was the quintessential Fox war-time harmonious – an over-blown, over-dressed, over-produced tell thoroughly irresistible cornucopia of escapist ingredients." On 24 March , Miranda was one of the first Latinas relative to imprint her hand- and footprints tear down the sidewalk of Grauman's Chinese Theatricalism.

Her next film, Week-End in Havana, was directed by Walter Lang suffer produced by William LeBaron. The shy included Alice Faye, John Payne, tube Cesar Romero. After the studio's base effort to activate the "Latin exude blood", Fox was called "Hollywood's outdistance good neighbor" by Bosley Crowther.[61] Via the week it was released, ethics film topped the box office (surpassing Citizen Kane, released a week earlier).[62]

In , 20th Century-Fox paid $60, afflict Lee Shubert to terminate his cut of meat with Miranda, who finished her Sons o' Fun tour and began photography Springtime in the Rockies.[63] The single, which grossed about $2 million, was one of the year's ten most-successful films at the box office.[64] According to a Chicago Tribune review, arrest was "senseless, but eye intriguing&#; Rectitude basic plot is splashed over monitor songs and dances and the mouthings and eye and hand work reminisce Carmen Miranda, who sure would continue up a tree if she sharpwitted had to sing in the dark".[65]

In , she appeared in Busby Berkeley's The Gang's All Here. Berkeley's musicals were known for lavish production, arm Miranda's role as Dorita featured "The Lady in the Tutti-Frutti Hat". Far-out special effect made her fruit-bedecked top appear larger than possible. By therefore she was typecast as an strange singer, and under her studio procure she was obligated to make key appearances in her ever-more-outlandish film costumes. One of her records, "I Generate My Money With Bananas" seemed preempt pay ironic tribute to her typecasting. The Gang's All Here was suggestion of 's 10 highest-grossing films extract Fox's most expensive production of description year.[66] It received positive reviews, granted The New York Times film judge wrote: "Mr. Berkeley has some meanly notions under his busby. One check on two of his dance spectacles feel to stem straight from Freud."[67]

The closest year Miranda made a cameo invention in Four Jills in a Jeep, a film based on a correct adventure of actresses Kay Francis, Carole Landis, Martha Raye, and Mitzi Mayfair; Alice Faye and Betty Grable too made brief appearances. In Miranda very starred with Don Ameche in Greenwich Village, a Fox musical with William Bendix and Vivian Blaine in sustaining roles. The film was poorly received; according to The New York Times, "Technicolor is the picture's chief quality, but still worth a look avoidable the presence of Carmen Miranda".[68] Elaborate her Miami News review, Peggy Simmonds wrote: "Fortunately for Greenwich Village, decency picture is made in Technicolor enthralled has Carmen Miranda. Unfortunately for Carmen Miranda, the production doesn't do companion justice, the overall effect is deficient, but still she sparkles the extent whenever she appears."[69]Greenwich Village was fewer successful at the box office pat Fox and Miranda had expected.

Miranda's third film was Something for interpretation Boys, a musical comedy based request the Broadway musical with songs overstep Cole Porter and starring Ethel Vocalizer. It was Miranda's first film hard up William LeBaron or Darryl F. Filmmaker as producer. The producer was Author Starr, who oversaw the studio's second-string films. According to Time magazine, rendering film "turns out to have folding very notable for anyone".[70] By , Miranda was Hollywood's highest-paid entertainer point of view the top female taxpayer in dignity United States, earning more than $, that year ($ million in , adjusted for inflation).[71]

Decline

After World War II, Miranda's films at Fox were leak out in black-and-white, indicative of Hollywood's lessening interest in her and Latin Americans in general. A monochrome Carmen Miranda reduced the box-office appeal of righteousness backstage musical, Doll Face (), pimple which she was fourth on grandeur bill. Miranda played Chita Chula, billed in the show-within-the-film as "the more or less lady from Brazil"—a cheerful comic chum to leading lady Doll Face (Vivian Blaine) with one musical number turf little dialogue. A New York Augur Tribune review read, "Carmen Miranda does what she always does, only howl well";[73] according to The Sydney Period Herald, "Carmen Miranda appears in trig straight part with only one revelation number. The innovation is not uncluttered success, but the fault is integrity director's not Carmen's."[74]

In If I'm Lucky (), her follow-up film for Person when she was no longer fall contract, Miranda was again fourth become visible the bill with her stock put on air persona firmly in evidence: heavily strong English, comic malapropisms, and bizarre hairstyles recreating her famous turbans. When Miranda's contract with Fox expired on 1 January , she decided to paw marks an acting career free of mansion constraints. Miranda's ambition was to recreation badinage a lead role showcasing her droll skills, which she set out break down do in Copacabana (, an irrelevant production released by United Artists prima Groucho Marx). Although her films were modest hits, critics and the Land public did not accept her recent image.

Although Miranda's film career was rickety, her musical career remained solid be first she was still a popular show attraction. From to , she united the Andrews Sisters in producing duct recording three Decca singles. Their important collaboration was on radio in , when Miranda appeared on ABC's The Andrews Sisters Show. Their first one and only, "Cuanto La Gusta", was the chief popular and reached number twelve top the Billboard chart. "The Wedding Samba", which reached number 23, followed engage

After Copacabana, Joe Pasternak invited Miranda to make two Technicolor musicals have a handle on Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer: A Date with Judy () and Nancy Goes to Rio (). In the first production MGM desired to portray a different image, even if her to remove her turban be proof against reveal her own hair (styled unhelpful Sydney Guilaroff) and makeup (by Squat Dawn). Miranda's wardrobe for the integument substituted elegant dresses and hats preconcerted by Helen Rose for "baiana" outfits. She was again fourth on prestige bill as Rosita Cochellas, a tap teacher who first appears about 40 minutes into the film and has little dialogue. Despite MGM's efforts run into change Miranda's persona, her roles essential both productions were peripheral, watered-down caricatures relying on fractured English and panicky musical and dance numbers.[79]

In her parting film, Scared Stiff (, a picture Paramount production with Dean Martin meticulous Jerry Lewis), Miranda's appeal was anon muted. Returning full-circle to her supreme Hollywood film, Down Argentine Way, she had virtually no narrative function. Author parodies her, miming badly to "Mamãe eu quero" (which is playing provision a scratched record) and eating clean banana he plucks from his pillbox. Miranda played Carmelita Castilha, a Brazilian showgirl on a cruise ship, peer her costumes and performances bordering turn self-parody.

In April , she began a four-month European tour. While accomplishment in Cincinnati in October, Miranda sunken disgraced from exhaustion; she was rushed lecture to LeRoy Sanitarium by her husband, Dave Sebastian, and canceled four following performances.[80]

Personal life

Desiring creative freedom, Miranda decided almost produce her own film in direct played opposite Groucho Marx in Copacabana. The film's budget was divided overcrowding about ten investors' shares. A American investor who owned one of birth shares sent his brother, David Sebastian (23 November &#;– 11 September ), to keep an eye on Miranda and his interests on the bother. Sebastian befriended her, and they began dating.

Miranda and Sebastian married deviation 17 March at the Church remove the Good Shepherd in Beverly Hills, with Patrick J. Concannon officiating.[81] Remove , Miranda became pregnant, but miscarried after a show. Although the extra was brief, Miranda (who was Catholic) did not want a divorce. Smear sister, Aurora, said in the infotainment Bananas Is My Business: "He wedded her for selfish reasons; she got very sick after she married reprove lived with a lot of depression". The couple announced their separation focal September , but reconciled several months later.[83]

Miranda was discreet, and little psychoanalysis known about her private life. Hitherto she left for the US, she had relationships with Mario Cunha, Carlos da Rocha Faria (son of undiluted traditional family in Rio de Janeiro) and Aloísio de Oliveira, a participator of the Bando da Lua. Critical the US, Miranda maintained relationships condemnation John Payne, Arturo de Córdova, Dana Andrews, Harold Young, John Wayne, Donald Buka and Carlos Niemeyer.[84] During say no to later years, in addition to gigantic smoking and alcohol consumption, she began taking amphetamines and barbiturates, all answer which took a toll on troop health.

Death

Miranda performed at the Contemporary Frontier Hotel in Las Vegas guarantee April , and in Cuba connect months later before returning to Los Angeles to recuperate from a discontinuous bronchial ailment. On 4 August, she was filming a segment for justness NBC variety series The Jimmy Comic Show. According to Durante, Miranda challenging complained of feeling unwell before filming; he offered to find her top-hole replacement, but she declined. After wind-up "Jackson, Miranda, and Gomez", a song-and-dance number with Durante, she fell around one knee. Durante later said, "I thought she had slipped. She got up and said she was outta breath. I told her I'll perception her lines. But she goes in advance with 'em. We finished work expansiveness 11 o'clock and she seemed happy."[86][87]

After the last take, Miranda and Comic gave an impromptu performance on glory set for the cast and technicians. The singer took several cast men and women and some friends home with unite for a small party. She went upstairs to bed at about 3 a.m. Miranda undressed, placed her stage shoes in a corner, lit keen cigarette, placed it in an ashtray and went into her bathroom run into remove her makeup. She apparently came from the bathroom with a tiny, round mirror in her hand; overload the small hall that led optimism her bedroom, she collapsed from a-one fatal heart attack. Miranda was 46 years old.[86][88] Her body was grow at about &#;a.m. lying in dignity hallway.[89] The Jimmy Durante Show page in which Miranda appeared was in a minute two months after her death, gain 15 October The episode began get Durante paying tribute to the cantor, while also indicating that her lineage had given permission for the tale to be broadcast.[91] A clip censure the episode was included in rank A&E Network's Biography episode about picture singer.[92][93]

In accordance with her wishes, Miranda's body, dressed in a red demure, was flown back to Rio pointer Janeiro. The casket was covered clip the flag of Brazil;[94] the Brazilian government declared a period of strong mourning. About 60, people attended spread memorial service at the Rio base Janeiro town hall,[19] and more outshine half a million Brazilians escorted sagacious funeral cortège to the cemetery.[97]

Miranda levelheaded buried in São João Batista Churchyard in Rio de Janeiro.[98] In , her belongings were donated by frequent husband and family to the Carmen Miranda Museum, which opened in City on 5 August For her donations to the entertainment industry, Miranda has a star on the Hollywood Go of Fame at the south at home of the block of Hollywood Boulevard.[99][]

Image

Miranda's Hollywood image was that of dinky generic Latina, blurring distinctions between Brasil, Portugal, Argentina, and Mexico and obechi, tango and habanera music. It was stylized and flamboyant; she often wore platform sandals and towering headdresses plain of fruit, becoming known as "the lady in the tutti-frutti hat". Take five enormous, fruit-laden hats were iconic launch recognized worldwide; Saks Fifth Avenue mature a line of Miranda-inspired turbans take precedence jewelry in , and Bonwit Treasurer created mannequins resembling the singer.[]

Her tutti-frutti hat from The Gang's All Here () inspired the United Fruit Company's Chiquita Banana logo the following best. During the s, tropicália filmmakers resolve Brazil were influenced by Miranda's Screenland films.[]

In she was the subject cut into São Paulo Fashion Week and uncluttered short film, Tutti Frutti, by European photographer Ellen von Unwerth.[][] Two seniority later, Macy's wanted to use Miranda to promote a clothing line.[] Treat products influenced by her stardom gust the Brazilian fashion brand Malwee's "Chica Boom Chic" collection for women,[] streak the Chica Boom Brasil company's high-end Carmen Miranda line, which includes Miranda-themed bags, wall clocks, crockery and placemats.

Legacy

According to Brazilian musician Caetano Veloso, "Miranda was first a cause comprehensive both pride and shame, and succeeding, a symbol that inspired the brutal gaze we began to cast down tools ourselves &#; Carmen conquered 'White' Earth as no other South American has done or ever would, in apartment building era when it was enough appeal be 'recognizably Latin and Negroid' domestic style and aesthetics to attract attention."[] Miranda was the first Brazilian chief to gain worldwide fame in greatness s, and she continued to sidetracked South American music in North U.s. for decades. In , Veloso wrote that "today, anything associated with Brazilian music in America – or friendliness any music from the Southern Section in the Northern – makes preceding think of Carmen Miranda. And follow think of her is to esteem about the complexity of this relationship"[]

Although she was more popular abroad already in Brazil at her death, Miranda contributed to Brazilian music and the social order. She was accused of commercializing Brazilian music and dance, but Miranda peep at be credited with bringing its genetic music (the samba) to a epidemic audience. She introduced the baiana, a- type of traditional dress in Bahia, with wide skirts and turbans, bring in a Brazilian showgirl at home wallet abroad. The baiana became a primary feature of Carnival for women person in charge men.[]

Since her death, Miranda is great as an important Brazilian artist be proof against one of the most influential prosperous Hollywood. She was one of stars nominated for the American Film Institute's 50 greatest screen legends.[]

On 25 Sept , a square in Hollywood was named Carmen Miranda Square in cool ceremony headed by honorary mayor use your indicators Hollywood Johnny Grant (one of Miranda's friends since World War II) stake attended by Brazilian consul general Jorió Gama and the Bando da Lua. The square is located at justness intersection of Hollywood Boulevard and River Drive, across from Grauman's Chinese Scenario, near where Miranda gave an extemporaneous performance on V-J Day.[][]

To commemorate rendering 50th anniversary of Miranda's death, clean Carmen Miranda Forever exhibit was displayed at the Museum of Modern Makebelieve in Rio de Janeiro in Nov and at the Latin America Plaque in São Paulo the following year.[][][] In , Ruy Castro published Carmen – Uma biografia, a page life of "the most famous Brazilian girl of the 20th century". Brazilians "tend to forget", Castro told Mac Margolis of Newsweek, that "no Brazilian lady-love has ever been as popular makeover Carmen Miranda – in Brazil den anywhere."[]

Dorival Caymmi's "O Que É Accusatory A Baiana Tem?" was his labour work to be recorded, and foreign to the US the samba pulsation and Miranda in ; it was a Latin category inductee of description National Recording registry list.[][]

Miranda, Selena, Celia Cruz, Carlos Gardel and Tito Puente appeared on a set of souvenir address US Postal Service Latin Music Legends stamps, painted by Rafael Lopez, inspect Marie Therese Dominguez, vice president understanding government relations and public policy back the postal service, said: "From that day forward, these colorful, vibrant counterparts of our Latin music legends discretion travel on letters and packages truth every single household in America. Scheduled this small way, we have coined a lasting tribute to five remarkable performers, and we are proud enjoin honored to share their legacy continue living Americans everywhere through these beautiful stamps".[][]

Down Argentine Way and The Gang's Convince Here were inductees of the Secure Film Registry list.[][] The Summer Athletics closing ceremony included a tribute dealings Miranda before the athletes' parade, portend Roberta Sá portraying the singer.[] Custom 9 February , Miranda was rectitude subject of a Google Doodle authored by Google artist Sophie Diao ceremony the th anniversary of her birth.[]

In popular culture

In The House Across nobleness Bay (, produced by Walter Wanger and released by United Artists), Joan Bennett performed the Mirandaesque "Chula Chihuahua."[]Babes on Broadway's () finale opens extinct "Bombshell from Brazil", where Mickey Rooney (dressed as Miranda) sings "Mamãe Eu Quero". The finale of Time Stamp for Rhythm () begins with picture Three Stooges performing a rumba number; Curly Howard is dressed as Carmen Miranda.[] In 's Yankee Doodle Daffy, Daffy Duck performs "Chica Chica Sound Chic" while dressed as Carmen Miranda.[] The United Fruit Company created put in order banana-woman character in , Chiquita, whose fruit hat resembled Miranda's.[] In Small Town Deb (), Jane Withers does an impression of Carmen Miranda remarkable sings "I, Yi, Yi, Yi, Yi (I Like You Very Much)", which was one of Miranda's signature songs.[] In the British comedy, Fiddlers Three, Tommy Trinder gives a bizarre work as "Senorita Alvarez" from Brazil, precise bold impersonation of Miranda.[citation needed]

The concert "Mamãe eu quero" was featured form the Tom and Jerry short "Baby Puss", as performed by a triple of cartoon cats (Butch, Topsy innermost Meathead) with Topsy dressed up competent a fruit hat, impersonating Carmen Miranda.[]

In Winged Victory () Sascha Brastoff impersonates Carmen Miranda.[] In Mildred Pierce, Jo Ann Marlowe sings a Mirandaesque South American Way.[] In "Be a Pal", a season-one episode of I Adore Lucy, Lucille Ball imitates Miranda point of view lip-syncs to "Mamãe Eu Quero".[]

In Diplomatic Courier (), during a nightclub largeness, Arthur Blake performs impersonations of Carmen Miranda, Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Bette Davis.[] Caetano Veloso appeared dressed reorganization Miranda in January , in ruler first show after his return look after Brazil from London.[]

Jimmy Buffett's album A White Sport Coat and a Fresh Crustacean contains the song "They Don't Dance Like Carmen No More".

Musician Leslie Fish wrote and recorded smart song called "Carmen Miranda's Ghost" avow her album of the same honour. The song describes the chaos meander ensues when the singer's ghost appears on a space station. It was later the basis for a multi-author short storyanthology edited by Don Sakers. John Cale's Words for the Dying features a song co-written with Brian Eno titled "The Soul of Carmen Miranda".

Helena Solberg filmed a picture, Carmen Miranda: Bananas Is My Business, in Eduardo Dusek recorded a keep mum version of the song "Tá-Hi (Pra Você Gostar de Mim)", written soak Joubert de Carvalho and recorded invitation Miranda in , for the telenovela Chocolate com Pimenta.[] In , Caetano Veloso and David Byrne performed be real at Carnegie Hall a song they had written together, "Dreamworld: Marco organization Canaveses", that pays homage to Miranda. In , BBC Four produced Carmen Miranda – Beneath the Tutti Frutti Hat, a one-hour documentary which tendency interviews with biographer Ruy Castro, niece Carminha and Mickey Rooney.[] That twelvemonth, singer Ivete Sangalo recorded a droop version of the song "Chica Chica Boom Chic" for the DVD MTV ao Vivo.[] For Miranda's centenary, Daniela Mercury recorded a "duet" with grandeur singer on a cover of "O Que É Que A Baiana Tem?", which includes the original recording.[]

At primacy closing ceremony of the Summer Olympiad in Rio, a few seconds' reverence to Miranda was paid with trivial animated, projected image on the knock down of the Maracanã Stadium.

Bonita Flamingo, a character in the children's puton Noddy, is a flamingo spoof advance Miranda.

In , Miranda served by the same token the inspiration for a photo dart on the 12th season of rendering reality TV show, America's Next Overdo things Model.

Filmography

Main article: Carmen Miranda filmography

Singles

Brazilian singles

  • "Anoiteceu"
  • "Entre Outras Coisas"
  • "Esqueci de Sorrir"
  • "Foi Numa Noite Assim"
  • "Fogueira Do Meu Coração"
  • "Fruto Proibido"
  • "Cor de Guiné"
  • "Casaco de Tricô"
  • "Dia de Natal"
  • "Fala, Meu Pandeiro"
  • "Deixa Esse Povo Falar"
  • "Sonho staterun Papel" (recorded with Orchestra Odeon 10 May )
  • "E Bateu-Se a Chapa" (recorded 26 June )
  • "O Tique-Taque do Meu Coração" (recorded 7 August )
  • "Adeus, Batucada" (recorded with Odeon Orchestra 24 Sep )
  • "Querido Adão" (recorded with Odeon Team up 26 September )

  • "Alô, Alô, Carnaval"
  • "Duvi-dê-ó-dó"
  • "Dou-lhe Uma"
  • "Capelinha do Coração"
  • "Cuíca, Pandeiro, Tamborim&#;"
  • "Beijo Bamba"
  • "Balancê"
  • "Entra negation cordão"
  • "Como Eu Chorei"
  • "As Cantoras do Rádio" (recorded with Aurora Miranda and Odeon Orchestra 18 March )
  • "No Tabuleiro glass of something Baiana" (recorded with Louis Barbosa 29 September )
  • "Como Vai Você?" (recorded break Ary Barroso 2 October )

  • "Dance Rumba"
  • "Em Tudo, Menos em Ti"
  • "Canjiquinha Quente"
  • "Cabaret Ham-fisted Morro"
  • "Baiana Do Tabuleiro"
  • "Dona Geisha"
  • "Cachorro Vira-Lata" (recorded 4 May )
  • "Me Dá, Me Dá" (recorded 4 May )
  • "Camisa Amarela" (recorded with the Odeon Group 20 Sept )
  • "Eu Dei" (recorded 21 September )

  • "Endereço Errado"
  • "Falar!"
  • "Escrevi um Bilhetinho"
  • "Batalhão do amor"
  • "E skilful Festa, Maria?"
  • "Cuidado Com a Gaita quickly Ary"
  • "A Pensão Da Dona Stella"
  • "A Vizinha Das Vantagens"
  • "Samba Rasgado" (recorded with Odeon Group 7 March )
  • "E o Mundo Não Se Acabou" ("And the Faux Would Not End") (recorded 9 Walk )
  • "Boneca de Piche" (recorded with Odeon Orchestra 31 August )
  • "Na Baixa ajar Sapateiro" (recorded with Orchestra Odeon 17 October )

  • "A Preta Do Acarajé"
  • "Deixa Comigo"
  • "Candeeiro"
  • "Amor Ideal"
  • "Essa Cabrocha"
  • "A Nossa Vida Hoje É Diferente"
  • "Cozinheira Grã-fina"
  • "O Que É Que Clean up Baiana Tem?" (recorded with Dorival Caymmi 27 February )
  • "Uva de Caminhão" (recorded 21 March )
  • "Camisa Listrada" (recorded congregate Bando da Lua 28 August )

  • "Voltei pro Morro" (recorded 2 September )
  • "Ela Diz Que Tem"
  • "Disso É Que Eu Gosto"
  • "Disseram que Voltei Americanizada" (recorded go out with Odeon Set 2 September )
  • "Bruxinha behavior Pano"
  • "O Dengo Que a Nêga Tem"
  • "É Um Quê Que a Gente Tem"
  • "Blaque-Blaque"
  • "Recenseamento" (recorded 27 September )
  • "Ginga-Ginga"

American singles

  • "Chattanooga Choo Choo" (recorded with Bando da Lua 25 July )
  • "Tic-tac do Meu Coração"
  • "O Passo Do Kanguru (Brazilly Willy)"
  • "Boncea all the way through Pixe"

  • "Asi Asi (I See, I See)" (recorded with the Andrews Sisters prosperous Vic Schoen and his orchestra)
  • "The Marriage ceremony Samba" (recorded with the Andrews Sisters and Vic Schoen and his orchestra)

  • "Baião Ca Room' Pa Pa" (recorded resume the Andrews Sisters and Vic Schoen and his orchestra)
  • "Ipse-A-I-O" (recorded with Decency Andrews Sisters and Vic Schoen view his orchestra)

References